Henry and Margaret once more managed to escape to Scotland but returned to England in 1464. It was at the Battle of Towton on 29th March 1461 that Edward, son of the Duke of York (who had died at the Battle of Wakefield on 30th December 1460) defeated the Lancastrian army, deposed Henry VI, and was crowned Edward IV of England.
Henry was captured at the Battle of Northampton on 10 July 1460, but his wife, Queen Margaret, had managed to escape with their son, Edward, to Scotland, and gathered forces for the Lancastrian cause north of the border. They backed the claims to the throne of the House of York over Henry’s Lancastrian heritage, and despite Henry’s attempts to reconcile the warring factions, civil war broke out in England. Henry regained his senses around Christmas Day 1454, but the nobles who had come to power during Henry’s madness took matters into their own hands. In the meantime, the Duke of York had returned from Ireland to restore peace in the government while the King was ill and he was named Protector of the Realm in 1454. 1380-1422, also known as Charles the Mad), who also suffered from psychiatric problems.Ĭharles VI of France, by Master of Boucicaut, 1412, via Wikimedia Commons It is thought that he inherited this condition from his maternal grandfather, Charles VI of France ( r. It was during this time that his son Edward was born, and he was unable to acknowledge this. In August 1453, he had a mental breakdown, and was unable to process anything around him for a year. While Henry’s early reign was dominated by his failure in France and the culmination of the Hundred Years’ War, his later reign was dominated by his madness. As a result, his early reign was dominated by a regency government - the most notable members were his uncle (his father’s brother) Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and Cardinal Henry Beaufort (his uncle’s half-uncle). He came to the throne aged less than one year old after his father’s untimely death. The son of legendary English King Henry V, he was a Lancastrian king whose reign was characterized by his mental illnesses and inability to rule as a result. 1422-61 1470-71) was the ruler of England for two different periods during the fifteenth century. Henry VI: Sparking the Wars of the Roses Henry VI, attributed to the Bristol School, c.1618, via Dulwich Gallery
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